2018年12月10日，诺贝尔奖受奖典礼在斯德哥尔摩举办。像往年同样，受奖典礼诱导了全宇宙的宗旨。本年诺贝尔奖委员会将诺贝尔和平奖授予纳迪亚·穆拉德和德尼·穆奎格VR视角，赏赐“他们为闭幕构兵和武装淆乱中使用性暴力当作火器这一时势所作念出的勤劳”。
关于女性而言，这是一个具有里程碑有趣的时刻。纵不雅历史，性暴力一直齐是构兵中常见的一部分，然而，“强奸当作构兵火器”这一短语，直到在20世纪90年代才被计划者、方案者以及媒体分析东说念主士平日使用。不外，只是在近些年，性暴力才成为连合国和好多东说念主权组织议程上的一个要紧的问题。在这种布景下，穆拉德和穆奎格取得诺贝尔和平奖也就不及为奇了。这两位获奖者齐为法规对女性的性暴力作念出了孝敬，而况通过他们的勤劳使这一议题成为外洋社会的柔柔焦点。
穆拉德是在极点组织“伊斯兰国”发动的构兵中遭受性暴力的幸存者，她唯独不错使用的火器是“高声说出来”——论说她的故事，从而匡助本国跟她同样遭受性暴力的姐妹，以及全宇宙多半的强奸受害者。穆奎格是又名男性妇科医师，他诊疗并匡助了数千名在刚果（金）内战技艺遭受性暴力的女性。诺贝尔奖自身等于对两位获奖者为处分性暴力问题所作念的勤劳的招供，阐明了处分性暴力问题的迫切性。
诺贝尔和平奖的帷幕落下了，要拓荒一个“莫得强奸受害者”的好意思好宇宙，说念路也曾漫长而清贫。
全宇宙应该听到更多构兵技艺遭受性暴力的幸存者的声息。“讲故事”是穆拉德的火器，所幸的是，她论说的关系性暴力追思和创伤的故事被听到了。在连合国论坛上的初次公开演讲中，她强调：我方“只是多半雅兹迪（Yazidi）受害者中的一员”。她的勇气有望激发更多的性暴力幸存者发出我方声息，反对性暴力和东说念主口贩卖。
大部分中国东说念主对“慰安妇”这个词可能并不生分。这一词是对二战技艺，周边日本的亚洲国度中被日本军方阻碍或将就成为性陪同的女孩和妇女的委婉名称。据上海师范大学慰安妇计划中心统计，在近40万名“慰安妇”中近一半是中国东说念主。这些“慰安妇”和穆拉德同样，齐是遭受过性荼毒和截留的性陪同。然而整个社会对“慰安妇”的情状和她们的创伤性追思枯竭柔柔。“慰安妇”主题的记录片如《二十二》和《大寒》”在中国的低票房收获在一定进度上贯通了这极少。
十分有必要对构兵技艺遭受性暴力的幸存者提供执续和全面的复旧。这些女性所承受的不散漫不仅是躯壳上的，而况是脸色上的。她们不仅承载着我方的倒霉资格所带来伤痛，还承受着目睹她们的一又友和家东说念主遭受暴力后的心灵创伤。
咱们需要安祥，即使在享受和平的地区，当作一种基于性别的暴力情势的对女性的性暴力也应该得到雅致对待。强奸和荼毒是对女性躯壳阐述暴力的最罪行最径直的侵害花样。尤其要紧的是，要谛视性别化的社会结构是若何将女性置于低东说念主一等的位置，从而使她们处于容易受伤害的境地。淌若这种性别化的社会结构不发生变化，即使宇宙上莫得构兵，对女性的性暴力或其他基于性别的暴力仍然可能会永久存在。
（*作家系中国传媒大学序论与女性计划中心西宾，连合国教科文组织“序论与女性”教席团队成员）
Murad's story speaks to structural violence against women VR视角
Iraqi Yazidi-Kurdish human rights activist and co-laureate of the 2018 Nobel Peace Prize Nadia Murad gives her lecture after accepting her prize during the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony 2018 on December 10， 2018 at the City Hall in Oslo， Norway./VCG Photo
The Nobel Prize Award Ceremony on December 10 in Stockholm won the attention of the world as usual. This year's Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Nadia Murad and Dennis Mukwege “for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict.”
It is a monumental moment for women. Though sexual violence has been a prevalent aspect of war throughout history， the phrase “rape as a weapon of war” has only become widely used by researchers， policymakers and media analysts during the 1990s. And it is in recent years that sexual violence has become a prominent issue on the agenda of both the United Nations and numerous human rights organizations.
Under this circumstance， it is no surprise that the 2018 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Murad and Mukweg. Both winners have contributed to ending sexual violence against women and brought this issue in the spotlight of international society through their efforts.
青柠视频在线观看BDMurad， a survivor of the war-time sexual violence by ISIS， uses her only weapon – “speaking out” – to tell her story to help her native sisters and the countless rape victims around the world. Mukweg， a male gynecologist， has treated and helped thousands of women in the Democratic Republic of Congo who suffered from sexual violence during the country's conflict.
Nobel prize laureates Congolese gynecologist Denis Mukwege (R) and Iraqi Yazidi-Kurdish human rights activist Nadia Murad greet the crowd from the balcony of the Nobel suite in Oslo， Norway on December 10， 2018. /VCG Photo
The prize itself is recognition of both the winners' efforts and the urgency to solve the problem of sexual violence. But when the curtains are off， there is still a long and arduous road to a world free of rape victims.
More voices from survivors of war-time sexual violence should be heard by the whole world. “Telling the story” is Murad's weapon and luckily the memory and trauma she recounts has been heard. In her first public speech at a UN forum， she emphasized that she was "only one of the hundreds of thousands of Yazidi victims." Hopefully， her courage could inspire more victims to speak out against sexual violence and human trafficking.
A great majority of Chinese may not be unfamiliar with the word “comfort women，" a euphemism for the girls and women kidnapped and forced into sex slavery by the Japanese military during World War II from the nearby Asian countries. According to the Research Center for Comfort Women at Shanghai Normal University among some 400，000 “comfort women，” nearly half were Chinese.
These “comfort women” are the same sex slaves like Murad who have been sexually abused and imprisoned. It seems that there is a lack of concern on their conditions and their traumatized memories. The low box office achievement of the documentaries about “comfort women” in China such as “Twenty-Two” and “Great Cold” may be a proof to some extent.
Former Chinese "comfort woman" Zhang Xiantu rests on a traditional brick bed in her house in Xiyan Town， Shanxi Province， China， July 18， 2015. /VCG Photo
The unremitting and all-round support to the survivors of war-time sexual violence is greatly needed. Their suffering is not only physical， but also psychological. They carry the weight of the trauma from both their own tragic experiences and the violence they have witnessed towards their friends and family.
It should be noted that even in areas that enjoy peace， sexual violence against women as a form of gender-based violence should also be taken seriously. Rape and abuse is a direct way of exerting power to bodies in the cruelest way. It is of profound importance to look at how the gendered social structures which relegate women to second place keep them on the vulnerable place. Even if there were no wars in the world， sexual violence or gender-based violence against women may remain in the long run.
(*Chen Zhijuan is an Assistant Professor of Media and Gender Institute of the Communication University of China， Member of UNESCO Chair on Media and Gender.)
（裁剪：曹琬晨） VR视角